The behavior and performance of the leaders of start-up businesses can be the most important factor driving the business towards success and performance improvement. One of the behaviors that organizational leaders adopt to advance their goals in the organization is ambivalence. The current research is based on the deviation of the current situation from the desired situation, following the design of a dual leadership model in new Knowledge-based businesses. The strategy of the current research was to solve the met combination problem with a qualitative approach and content analysis tactics. The current research has used the seven main steps mentioned by Sandlovski and Barroso (2007) to carry out the research steps. The data collection tool of the current research is a checklist (in the section of library studies) and a questionnaire (in the section of analyzes related to the prioritization of codes and Shannon's entropy). The research data analysis method was done by coding and summarizing data in MaxQda qualitative data analysis software. In the research analysis portfolio, using the screening process, 34 studies have been summarized in the form of 40 primary codes, 11 concepts and 4 categories, which is the highest abstraction level of the codes. In the document quality control phase, the reliability value of these codes based on the Kappa coefficient is 0. 723 was obtained and then the codes were classified using the Shannon entropy method. Finally, after going through the seven main steps of the research model, the results and suggestions of the research were presented. The results of the present study show that the antecedents or factors that affect ambidextrous leadership behaviors include the capabilities of startup businesses, entrepreneurial orientation, innovation tasks, and leader characteristics. The capabilities of business in the present research include growth tendency, networking ability and market diversity.

This research was carried out with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of the self-Knowledge educational package based on the theory of existentialism on the illogical beliefs of communication on people. The statistical population included all married people who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran's 1st and 3rd districts with marital problems. In the current research, experimental research method of quasi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. In the research sample, 16 people who had a high level of irrational beliefs were selected voluntarily based on the answers to the voluntary questionnaire of counseling centers, and 8 people were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was Adilson and Epstein's communication irrational beliefs questionnaire, which was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and 12 data collection training sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance or MANOVA method was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis of covariance in the Mankva text showed that in the main hypothesis, the analysis of covariance in the variable of couples' irrational beliefs (sig=0.02, F=6.059) is significant. The results of the sub-hypotheses also showed that the analysis of covariance in the variable of destructiveness, belief in the changeability of the spouse, belief in mind reading, belief in sexual perfectionism and sexual differences of couples is significant. the self-Knowledge education based on the existentialism approach is effective on the irrational beliefs of married people.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify factors affecting the dynamics of the business model in Knowledge-based Startups in Kermanshah, considering the effects of Covid-19. Methodology: In terms of purpose, the research was applied and qualitative approach was used. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with key experts. Applying judgmental and snowball methods, interviews went on (with 19 experts) until theoretical saturation of data was achieved. The six-step process of theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings: Effective factors on the business model dynamics include 624 codes, 64 basic themes, 15 sub-organizing themes and 5 main organizing themes. These 5 main organizing themes comprise of such factors as target market, resources, financial processes, marketing mix and stakeholders. Originality: The results of this research may help identify new conceptual elements and an innovative framework for business model dynamics so that start-ups can overcome the challenges and limitations imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, a new perspective will be provided for companies, planners and policymakers.

Objective: Today, the role of physical and financial resources as a competitive advantage among organizations has diminished and is largely based on strategic management of Knowledge and Knowledge assets. This, in turn, has led to the emergence of companies and organizations whose core foundation is Knowledge and application of ideas, creativity, and innovation in the realities of the new business world. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of Knowledge management that affect the Startups in Knowledge and Information Science. Methodology: The present study was conducted in two parts: qualitative (Meta synthesis and Delphi) and quantitative (exploratory factor analysis); first, the components of Knowledge management for Startups were identified by the Meta synthesis method and the components identified by the Delphi method were counted. Then, exploratory factor analysis was used to summarize and categorize the components. The population of the study included 30 experts in the field of Knowledge and Information Science and Knowledge management, and in the exploratory section, the opinions of 300 IT startup managers were used. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS software using mean and standard deviation, Bartlett and KMO test, and exploratory factor analysis. Finding: The findings show that the components of the Knowledge management of Startups in Knowledge and Information Science are nine factors of Knowledge recognition, Knowledge creation, Knowledge organization, Knowledge presentation, Knowledge sharing, Knowledge application, Knowledge development, Knowledge change and Knowledge protection, which explain 70. 096 percent of the variance of Knowledge Management of Startups in Knowledge and Information Science. The results of exploratory factor analysis also show that the components of Knowledge application, Knowledge sharing and Knowledge creation are the most important components of Knowledge management of Startups in Knowledge and Information Science, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this research can be used as a model for the implementation of Knowledge management and thus provide the ground for the growth and development of such Startups as much as possible.

The recent economic developments have led to fundamental changes in the business landscape, especially in terms of the level of competition for emerging enterprises, pushing them towards instability and failure. In response to this unstable environment, entrepreneurial businesses have evolved based on Knowledge-centric ideas, seeking to address market gaps through the discovery of a replicable and scalable business model. Due to the Knowledge-centric nature of these businesses, they consciously or unconsciously implement aspects of Knowledge management processes, necessitating the identification and organization of their Knowledge capital as a crucial first step. In this context, this study aims to explore a model for Knowledge differentiation in Iranian entrepreneurial companies. The study adopts a developmental objective, an exploratory approach, interpretivism philosophy, and utilizes qualitative content analysis as its analytical strategy. The study population consists of experts in the field of Knowledge management and active individuals in Iranian entrepreneurial companies. These individuals, familiar with the working conditions of these companies, expressed their opinions on the research topic through semi-structured interviews. The interview process began and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Participants were purposefully selected using the targeted sampling method, and after conducting 10 interviews, data saturation was reached. Following the interviews, the results were implemented, and descriptive content analysis using the maxqda software was employed. After content analysis, 41 different dimensions were extracted. Upon theoretical examination, appropriate names for the extracted dimensions were selected. The researcher, relying on prior Knowledge and modeling processes from similar models, categorized the dimensions into 9 main processes of Knowledge differentiation. By creating a logical sequence, the researcher innovatively devised a Knowledge differentiation process model for Iranian entrepreneurial companies.

Background: Today, Knowledge-based economies have become a strategic and important issue in the economies of various societies and fields, including agriculture. Since agriculture is crucial for a country's food security, it is essential for this sector to adopt a Knowledge-based approach. Technological and Knowledge-based companies, particularly those in agriculture, serve as key institutions that transform Knowledge into goods and services. However, these companies in Iran face numerous challenges that hinder their growth and development. Therefore, this research aims to identify the challenges faced by agricultural Knowledge-based and technological companies, fairs, and Startups in Mazandaran province. Methods: To identify these challenges, an inductive strategy, qualitative data, and thematic analysis were employed. Data collection was conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 founders or managers of agricultural technology and Knowledge-based companies located in the Mazandaran Science and Technology Park, as well as incubators associated with Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Statistical samples were selected using the snowball method, continuing until theoretical saturation was reached. The ATLAS.ti 7.5 software was utilized for data analysis, and a peer review method was used to validate the thematic analysis. Results: The analysis revealed 151 fundamental themes identified through ATLAS.ti 7.5. The main themes in this study included challenges involved in generating ideas and formulating comprehensive business plans, challenges related to establishing a company in an incubator or science and technology park, R&D and sample product production challenges, marketing and product introduction challenges, sales and market stabilization challenges, developing new market challenges, and market survival and competition challenges. Conclusion: It is suggested that the policies and regulations supporting Knowledge-based companies be carefully examined and analyzed to ensure they are better aligned with the needs of these technological and innovative ecosystems.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the content of studies on the application of Knowledge management in Startups with a metaanalysis approach. Methodology: The present study is fundamental in purpose and it is done inductively. The data collection method is library studies using the cross-sectional approach with the meta-analysis approach. The research data was collected based on articles published in the scientific databases between 2012 and 2019. Findings: thirty one validated articles on Knowledge management in Startups were identified and classified into two groups of specialized Knowledge management journals and non-specialized journals. The results show that 8 articles have been published in six non-specialized journals with an average (1. 3) and 23 articles in 12 specialized journals with an average publication of 1. 92 per journal. The Journal of Knowledge Management with Effect Size (0. 229); The International Journal of Knowledge Management with Effect Size (0. 135) and The Journal of International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal with Effect Size (0. 110) have the largest effect size. However, the International Journal of Innovation Studies has the least effect. Also, the assumption of homogeneity is rejected and the assumption of heterogeneity between the studies is confirmed. It was also found that the effect size of specialized journals was 0. 056 and, since it was within the confidence range, it was statistically significant. Conclustion: The findings of this study indicate that the publication of KM articles in Startups is not limited to specialized journals and many articles have been published in non-specialized journals. This suggests the development of the concept of Knowledge management among researchers as an interdisciplinary concept; in the way that research in different areas of organization management has considered Knowledge management as an influential factor.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Succeeding in current complex and turbulent business environment entails deep Knowledge and insight regarding Strategic control of organization. Some Startups merely relying on their Technical and innovative Knowledge, neglect the importance of Control issues or are confined with Strategy Control. This study, incorporating semi-structured interview, is to explore Strategic control issues in five top Startups in on-line businesses. Gathered Data are analyzed with MaxQda software and on the basis of these data we have come to a comprehensive strategic control model. This model encompasses wide range of models suggested before by authors of strategic control field. Eventually, we have examined this model using Interpretive Structural Modeling Model. Evidences suggest that Presumption or default assumption control plays a key role in strategic control.